Individual:
http://rdf.iit.demokritos.gr/2014/iaeaSafetyGlossary/id624
Annotations (2)
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nreo:canonicalLabel "risk" (en)
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skos:definition "Depending on the context, the term 'risk' may be used to represent a <br/>quantitative measure (as, for example, in definitions (1) and (2)) or as a <br/>qualitative concept (as often for definition (3)).<br/>
1. A multiattribute quantity expressing hazard, danger or chance of <br/>
harmful or injurious consequences associated with actual or <i>potential <br/>exposures</i>. It relates to quantities such as the probability that specific <br/>deleterious consequences may arise and the magnitude and character of such <br/>consequences. (From Ref. [1].)<br/>
In mathematical terms, this can be expressed generally as a set of triplets, 'R' = <br/>
{〈'S '⏐'p '⏐'X '〉}, where 'S ' is an identification or description of a 'scenario' i, 'p ' is <br/>
i<br/>
i<br/>
i<br/>
i<br/>
i<br/>
the probability of that 'scenario' and 'X ' is a measure of the consequence of the <br/>
i<br/>
'scenario'. The concept of 'risk' is sometimes also considered to include <br/>uncertainty in the probabilities 'p ' of the 'scenarios'.<br/>
i<br/>
2. The mathematical mean (expectation value) of an appropriate <br/>
measure of a specified (usually unwelcome) consequence:<br/>
'R '=<br/>
'p C'<br/>
 i i<br/>
i<br/>
where 'p ' is the probability of occurrence of 'scenario' or 'event sequence' i and 'C'<br/>
i<br/>
i<br/>
is a measure of the consequence of that 'scenario' or 'event sequence'.<br/>
Typical consequence measures 'C ' include core damage frequency, the <br/>
i<br/>
estimated number or probability of 'health effects', etc.<br/>If the number of 'scenarios' or 'event sequences' is large, the summation is <br/>replaced by an integral.<br/>The summing of 'risks' associated with 'scenarios' or 'event sequences' with widely <br/>differing values of 'C ' is controversial. In such cases the use of the term <br/>
i<br/>
‘expectation value’, although mathematically correct, is misleading and <br/>should be avoided if possible.<br/>
Methods for treating uncertainty in the values of 'p ' and 'C ', and in particular <br/>
i<br/>
i<br/>
whether such uncertainty is represented as an element of 'risk' itself or as <br/>uncertainty in estimates of 'risk', vary.<br/>
3. The probability of a specified 'health effect' occurring in a person or <br/>
group as a result of 'exposure' to 'radiation'.<br/>
The 'health effect(s)' in question must be stated — e.g. 'risk' of fatal cancer, <i>risk<br/></i>of serious 'hereditary effects' or overall 'radiation detriment' — as there is no <br/>generally accepted ‘default’.<br/>Commonly expressed as the product of the probability that 'exposure' will <br/>occur and the probability that the 'exposure', assuming that it occurs, will cause <br/>the specified 'health effect'. The latter probability is sometimes termed the <br/><i><b>conditional risk</b></i>.<br/>
<i><b>annual risk.</b></i> The probability that a specified 'health effect' will occur at <br/>some time in the future in an individual as a result of 'radiation' <i>exposure<br/></i>incurred or committed in a given year, taking account of the probability <br/>of 'exposure' occurring in that year.<br/>
<b>!</b> This is not the probability of the 'health effect' occurring in the year in question; <br/>
it is the 'lifetime risk' resulting from the 'annual dose' for that year.<br/>
<i><b>attributable risk.</b></i> The 'risk' of a specified 'health effect' assumed to result <br/>from a specified 'exposure'.<br/>
<i><b>excess relative risk.</b></i> The ratio of the 'excess risk' of a specified <i>stochastic <br/>effect</i> to the probability of the same effect in the unexposed population, <br/>i.e. the 'relative risk' minus one. In theory, this should be equal to the <br/>'attributable risk' from the 'exposure' received by the exposed group, but <br/>'excess relative risk' is normally used in the context of observed numbers of <br/>effects, whereas 'attributable risk' normally refers to a figure calculated on <br/>the basis of a known or estimated 'exposure'.<br/>
<i><b>excess risk.</b></i> The difference between the incidence of a specified <i>stochastic <br/>effect</i> observed in an exposed group to that in an unexposed <i>control<br/></i>group.<br/>
<i><b>lifetime risk.</b></i> The probability that a specified 'health effect' will occur at <br/>some time in the future in an individual as a result of 'radiation' 'exposure'.<br/>
<i><b>relative risk.</b></i> The ratio between the incidence of a specified <i>stochastic <br/>effect</i> observed in an exposed group and that in an unexposed <i>control<br/></i>group. (See 'control' (2).)<br/>" (en)
Types (1)
Usage (36)